Numerical studies on the influences of the South‐to‐North Water Transfer Project on groundwater level changes in the Beijing Plain,China          下载免费PDF全文

Menglin Zhang  Litang Hu  Lili Yao  Wenjie Yin 《水文研究》2018,32(12):1858-1873

Groundwater is an important component of the water supply, and overexploitation has triggered many problems in the Beijing Plain. The South‐to‐North Water Transfer Project has been proposed as a promising solution to alleviate these problems. Evaluation of different scenarios of groundwater management after the implementation of the South‐to‐North Water Transfer Project is necessarily required. In this study, a numerical model of groundwater flow was established using FEFLOW software and was well calibrated by parameter optimization and groundwater withdrawal inversion in the Beijing Plain. Sixteen scenarios that considered groundwater exploitation, artificial recharge, and precipitation were designed to simulate the groundwater dynamics after 11 years of the project. The results showed that the groundwater level in the study area would recover to various degrees due to the reductions of groundwater withdrawal and the increments of infiltration; additionally, it was concluded that groundwater was significantly affected by precipitation. Generally, in the designed scenarios, the groundwater‐level increment in the upper streams of the model area was higher than that in the lower streams. The groundwater level would obviously increase from artificial recharge in the immediate and adjacent areas. In addition, modes of reducing exploitation had no significant influence on the change in groundwater level during the 11‐year study period. The developed model offers a reliable and effective way to improve groundwater management.  相似文献   

基于"PSR+RS"模式的菩提岛整治修复前后生态系统健康评价     

王娜  曹英志  康婧  李雪瑞  王晶  郭连杰  李方 《海洋通报》2019,38(4):455-461

海岛生态系统是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分。近年来,随着海岛人为活动数量不断增加,加速了对海岛生态环境的破坏,一些海岛生态失衡严重,生态系统受损加剧。而对受损海岛生态系统开展人工参与下的主动式生态恢复,是目前较为主流的恢复方法和手段,菩提岛整治修复项目正是基于上述修复理念开展并完成的。本文以菩提岛海岛及周边海域为研究区域,基于PSR模型,以RS方式为主要指标获取方式,构建了适用于我国海岛整治修复模式下的海岛生态系统健康评价体系,对其整治修复前后生态系统健康状况开展评价分析。结果显示:2008年,该岛生态系统健康值IEI为0.374 0,生态系统较脆弱,整体状况较差,亟须开展保护与修复工作;2014年,经岛体修复并趋于稳定状态后,该岛生态系统健康值IEI提升至0.673 8,生态系统较健康,处于稳定状态,但仍具有上升空间。经整治修复前后纵向对比,生态系统健康波动值ΔIEI为0.299 8,表明该岛生态系统经过修复后已有所好转。  相似文献   

Riparian canopy openings on mountain streams: Landscape controls upon temperature increases within openings and cooling downstream     

William Alan Coats  Charles Rhett Jackson 《水文研究》2020,34(8):1966-1980

How much stream temperatures increase within riparian canopy openings and whether stream temperatures cool downstream of these openings both have important policy implications. Past studies of stream cooling downstream of riparian openings have found mixed results including rapid, slow, and no cooling. We collected longitudinal profiles of stream temperatures above, within, and below riparian forest openings along stream segments within otherwise forested riparian conditions to evaluate how sensitivity of stream temperatures to riparian conditions varied across landscape factors. We conducted these temperature surveys across openings in 12 wadeable streams within and near the Upper Little Tennessee River Basin in western North Carolina and northeastern Georgia. Basin areas ranged from 74 to 6,913 ha, and bankfull channel widths varied from 3.4 to 16.4 m. Stream temperatures were collected every 15 min using HOBO® data loggers for 2 weeks in each stream, repeated later in summer in some streams. Reference temperatures were highest in stream reaches at low elevations and with large drainage areas. Stream temperature increases in the middle of riparian gaps were highest when streams drained small high-elevation watersheds, and increases at the end of openings were highest when the opening length was large relative to watershed size. Downstream from openings, cooling rates were greatest in small, high-elevation headwater streams and also increased with larger increases in canopy cover. Stream segments that warmed the most within openings also featured higher cooling rates downstream. The data show that stream temperature sensitivity to canopy change is highly dependent on network position and watershed size. A better understanding of stream temperature responses to riparian vegetation may be useful to land managers and landowners prioritizing riparian forest restoration.  相似文献   

浅析高海拔、高寒环境对青海木里煤田露天矿区开采的影响     

张大春  刘晓雪  唐小容 《四川地质学报》2020,40(1):75-79

青海省木里煤田地处高海拔、高寒环境地区,煤田在露天开采生产过程中会受到高海拔、高寒环境等恶劣气候的影响。青海省木里煤田聚乎更矿区二井田露天开采,在生产过程中易遇到冻土开挖难度大,爆破成本高,冻土消融形成蠕动滑坡、路基冻胀变形,破坏运输线路,大气降水导致剥岩进度缓慢,积水影响穿孔爆破,以及强降雨天气极易形成山洪,冲垮河道危及矿区安全等影响。矿区要合理有效地利用资源、保护矿山环境、加强监测与信息化管理,利用更好的技术手段减小高寒、高海拔坏境对露天开采的影响,实现矿业的可持续发展。  相似文献   

Water‐level dynamics in natural and artificial pools in blanket peatlands          下载免费PDF全文

Joseph Holden  Catherine S. Moody  T. Edward Turner  Rebecca McKenzie  Andy J. Baird  Mike F. Billett  Pippa J. Chapman  Kerry J. Dinsmore  Richard P. Grayson  Roxane Andersen  Clare Gee  Gemma Dooling 《水文研究》2018,32(4):550-561

Perennial pools are common natural features of peatlands, and their hydrological functioning and turnover may be important for carbon fluxes, aquatic ecology, and downstream water quality. Peatland restoration methods such as ditch blocking result in many new pools. However, little is known about the hydrological function of either pool type. We monitored six natural and six artificial pools on a Scottish blanket peatland. Pool water levels were more variable in all seasons in artificial pools having greater water level increases and faster recession responses to storms than natural pools. Pools overflowed by a median of 9 and 54 times pool volume per year for natural and artificial pools, respectively, but this varied widely because some large pools had small upslope catchments and vice versa. Mean peat water‐table depths were similar between natural and artificial pool sites but much more variable over time at the artificial pool site, possibly due to a lower bulk specific yield across this site. Pool levels and pool‐level fluctuations were not the same as those of local water tables in the adjacent peat. Pool‐level time series were much smoother, with more damped rainfall or recession responses than those for peat water tables. There were strong hydraulic gradients between the peat and pools, with absolute water tables often being 20–30 cm higher or lower than water levels in pools only 1–4 m away. However, as peat hydraulic conductivity was very low (median of 1.5 × 10^?5 and 1.4 × 10^?6 cm s^?1 at 30 and 50 cm depths at the natural pool site), there was little deep subsurface flow interaction. We conclude that (a) for peat restoration projects, a larger total pool surface area is likely to result in smaller flood peaks downstream, at least during summer months, because peatland bulk specific yield will be greater; and (b) surface and near‐surface connectivity during storm events and topographic context, rather than pool size alone, must be taken into account in future peatland pool and stream chemistry studies.  相似文献   

基于钻井和地震数据恢复福山凹陷古地貌     

李媛  丁文秀  林松 《大地测量与地球动力学》2021,41(9):945-948

采用层序地层学古地貌恢复方法,通过计算盆地沉降量恢复北部湾盆地福山凹陷古近系流沙港组3个关键界面的原始古地貌形态。模拟结果显示,福山凹陷古近纪时期地貌沟谷纵横发育,凹陷分割性很强;垂向上,从Els3段到Els1段,古地貌起伏明显呈幕式变化,东西部凹陷呈现出不同的沉降特点和构造格局。  相似文献   

河南黄河下游林业发展潜力与对策     

赵义民 《地域研究与开发》2004,23(3):61-65

从河南黄河下游自然和社会经济情况入手,在深入分析林业综合开发的土地、树种、湿地资源潜力以及木材、经济林产品和森林旅游需求的基础上,提出了河南黄河下游林业发展对策;对林业综合开发的投资和效益进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   

加里东运动构造古地理及滇黔桂盆地的形成--兼论滇黔桂盆地深层油气勘探潜力   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

梅冥相  马永生  邓军  李浩  郑宽兵 《地学前缘》2005,12(3):227-236

中国南方的滇黔桂地区,早古生代与晚古生代之交曾经发生过较为强烈的加里东运动,包括三个幕:寒武纪末期的郁南运动,中、奥陶世末期的都匀运动以及志留纪末期的广西运动;奥陶系与志留系的残留不全和晚奥陶世至志留纪大片古陆———滇黔桂古陆的展布是加里东运动的重要体现。志留纪末期的广西运动之后,在大致相当于早古生代“滇黔桂古陆”分布的地区形成一个特殊的“滇黔桂盆地”,而且在滇黔桂盆地的主体部位常常是泥盆系直接覆盖在寒武系之上。寒武系,特别是下寒武统,由于寒武纪初期的快速海侵作用而在研究区域普遍发育烃源岩系;研究区域的泥盆系,特别是中泥盆统,在台间盆地中发育优质烃源岩。因此,巨大的构造古地理演变和海陆变迁,形成了一个晚古生代的泥盆系优质烃源岩与早古生代的下寒武统优质烃源岩的空间叠合区域,该叠合区域的加里东运动不整合面上、下的储集体即成为该地区的深层油气勘探对象,预示着滇黔桂盆地的深层存在较大的油气勘探潜力。  相似文献   

Soil carbon stock and flux in plantation forest and grassland ecosystems in Loess Plateau,China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Chanjuan Hu  Guohua Liu  Bojie Fu  Liding Chen  Yihe Lyu  Lei Guo 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(4):423-435

Carbon sequestration occurs when cultivated soils are re-vegetated. In the hilly area of the Loess Plateau, China, black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia) plantation forest and grassland were the two main vegetation types used to mitigate soil and water loss after cultivation abandonment. The purpose of this study was to compare the soil carbon stock and flux of these two types of vegetation which restored for 25 years. The experiment was conducted in Yangjuangou catchment in Yan′an City, Shaanxi Province, China. Two adjacent slopes were chosen for this study. Six sample sites were spaced every 35–45 m from summit to toe slope along the hill slope, and each sample site contained three sampling plots. Soil organic carbon and related physicochemical properties in the surface soil layer(0–10 cm and 10–20 cm) were measured based on soil sampling and laboratory analysis, and the soil carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions and environmental factors were measured in the same sample sites simultaneously. Results indicated that in general, a higher soil carbon stock was found in the black locust plantation forest than that in grassland throughout the hill slope. Meanwhile, significant differences in the soil carbon stock were observed between these two vegetation types in the upper slope at soil depth 0–10 cm and lower slope at soil depth 10–20 cm. The average daily values of the soil CO2 emissions were 1.27 μmol/(m2·s) and 1.39 μmol/(m2·s) for forest and grassland, respectively. The soil carbon flux in forest covered areas was higher in spring and less variation was detected between different seasons, while the highest carbon flux was found in grassland in summer, which was about three times higher than that in autumn and spring. From the carbon sequestration point of view, black locust plantation forest on hill slopes might be better than grassland because of a higher soil carbon stock and lower carbon flux.  相似文献   

菏泽黄泛平原地区浅层地下水资源可持续开发利用潜力分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

马龙  冯超臣 《山东国土资源》2014,30(2):43-46

对菏泽黄泛平原地区浅层地下水资源潜力进行了分析,采用地下水开采潜力指数法来分析开采程度的强弱,判定其开采潜力。全区浅层地下水尚处于正均衡状态,属有开采潜力区。为保持区内地下水资源的可持续利用,将全区按照科学合理的采、补、控、改等原则分为增源区、增采区、节水区和咸水改造利用区分区。  相似文献